Quebec enjoys autonomy in its immigration programs thanks to the 1991 Canada-Quebec Agreement, which grants it the exclusive right to select immigrants, particularly in economic categories. This allows the province to adapt its immigration policies to preserve its Francophone cultural and linguistic identity. As Canada’s only predominantly French-speaking province, Quebec prioritizes immigrants who speak French or are willing to learn it.

Additionally, Quebec faces specific labor needs that differ from the rest of the country and uses programs like the Programme Régulier des Travailleurs Qualifiés (PRTQ) and the Programme de l’Expérience Québécoise (PEQ) to attract talent that addresses these gaps. Through the Agreement, Quebec also receives federal funding for integration programs, such as French language training and employment assistance. However, the federal government retains control over the final stages of the immigration process, including security and health checks.

This hybrid model enables Quebec to meet its cultural and economic needs while complying with Canadian immigration standards.